2018/5/7 14:05:00
專業(yè)翻譯公司教你從“play”看動詞的“七十二變”
英語是一種動態(tài)發(fā)展的語言,而其中,“動詞”恰如其分地說明了該種語言“變”的特質(zhì)。動詞,雖然是最復(fù)雜的一個詞類,但其變化并非“無常”。動詞因其在句中功能不同而發(fā)生變化,同時根據(jù)施動方的詞性而變位。因此,掌握了動詞“七十二變”般的用法,就相當(dāng)于掌握了英語的“半壁江山”。專業(yè)翻譯公司以“play basketball”一詞組來解釋“動詞之變”。
1. 時:表示時間區(qū)別的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩個“時”:現(xiàn)在時和過去時
2. 體:表示動作或過程在一定時間內(nèi)處于何種狀態(tài)的動詞形式。
英語動詞有兩個體:進(jìn)行體—be加主動詞的-ing分詞構(gòu)成; 完成體—have加主動詞-ed分詞構(gòu)成。
英語“時”、“體”結(jié)合使用,構(gòu)成8種形式:
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:The boy plays basketball very well.
(2)一般過去時:The boy played basketball very well when he was 5 years old.
(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:The boy is playing basketball now.
(4)過去進(jìn)行時:The boy was playing basketball this time yesterday.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時:The boy has played basketball for an hour.
(6)過去完成時:The boy had played basketball for an hour by lunchtime.
(7)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:The boy has been playing basketball for a long time.
(8)過去完成進(jìn)行時:The boy had been playing basketball for two hours by 12 o’clock.
3. 態(tài):表示主語和謂語動詞之間的的主動或被動關(guān)系的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)。
同樣,被動語態(tài)也有不同形式的時、體形式:(假設(shè)主語為第三人稱單數(shù))
(9)一般現(xiàn)在時:is played
(10)一般過去時:was played
(11)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:is being played
(12)過去進(jìn)行時:was being played
(13)現(xiàn)在完成時:has been played
(14)過去完成時:had been played
(15)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:has been playing
(16)過去完成進(jìn)行時:had been playing
4. 式:區(qū)別說話人以何種口氣說話的動詞形式。英語動詞有三種表示不同口氣的動詞東西形式:陳述式、祈使式和虛擬式。
(17)陳述式:The boy plays basketball every day.
(18)祈使式:Boys, play basketball now.
(19))虛擬式:It is time the boy played basketball.
由上可知,不同的時、體、態(tài)、式,決定了動詞的不同形式。另外,主語以及動詞的功能變化,也會影響動詞的形式。因此,同一個動詞,在不同時間、不同地點、不同主語下,動詞形式都要做相應(yīng)變化。
1. 時:表示時間區(qū)別的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩個“時”:現(xiàn)在時和過去時
2. 體:表示動作或過程在一定時間內(nèi)處于何種狀態(tài)的動詞形式。
英語動詞有兩個體:進(jìn)行體—be加主動詞的-ing分詞構(gòu)成; 完成體—have加主動詞-ed分詞構(gòu)成。
英語“時”、“體”結(jié)合使用,構(gòu)成8種形式:
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時:The boy plays basketball very well.
(2)一般過去時:The boy played basketball very well when he was 5 years old.
(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:The boy is playing basketball now.
(4)過去進(jìn)行時:The boy was playing basketball this time yesterday.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時:The boy has played basketball for an hour.
(6)過去完成時:The boy had played basketball for an hour by lunchtime.
(7)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:The boy has been playing basketball for a long time.
(8)過去完成進(jìn)行時:The boy had been playing basketball for two hours by 12 o’clock.
3. 態(tài):表示主語和謂語動詞之間的的主動或被動關(guān)系的動詞形式。英語動詞有兩種語態(tài):主動態(tài)和被動態(tài)。
同樣,被動語態(tài)也有不同形式的時、體形式:(假設(shè)主語為第三人稱單數(shù))
(9)一般現(xiàn)在時:is played
(10)一般過去時:was played
(11)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:is being played
(12)過去進(jìn)行時:was being played
(13)現(xiàn)在完成時:has been played
(14)過去完成時:had been played
(15)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時:has been playing
(16)過去完成進(jìn)行時:had been playing
4. 式:區(qū)別說話人以何種口氣說話的動詞形式。英語動詞有三種表示不同口氣的動詞東西形式:陳述式、祈使式和虛擬式。
(17)陳述式:The boy plays basketball every day.
(18)祈使式:Boys, play basketball now.
(19))虛擬式:It is time the boy played basketball.
由上可知,不同的時、體、態(tài)、式,決定了動詞的不同形式。另外,主語以及動詞的功能變化,也會影響動詞的形式。因此,同一個動詞,在不同時間、不同地點、不同主語下,動詞形式都要做相應(yīng)變化。