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2018/5/16 17:18:00

翻譯公司告訴你漢譯英的翻譯小技巧

翻譯公司告訴你漢譯英的翻譯小技巧

一、分清主從 (Subordination)

  漢語句中各分句關系比較松散,所以在動筆前應認真分析句子要旨所在。句中重點往往在后。英譯時,要突出重點或主句,其他部分可分別用介詞短語,非謂語動詞形式或各種從句表示。

  1、 沒有農業(yè),人們就不能生存,社會生產就不能繼續(xù)下去。

  Without agriculture, people cannot exist, neither can social production

  proceed.

  2、 他們一聽到“反霸”就火冒三丈,這充分暴露了他們那霸權主義的蠻橫嘴臉。

  The fact that they fly into a rage at a mere mention of the expression“anti-

  hegemony”is enough to reveal their true colours as a domineering hegemonists.

  3、 有人以為社會主義就了不起,一點缺點也沒有,哪有這個事?

  Some believe that socialism is just perfect, without a single flaw. How can

  that be true?

  4、 但是,象我們常說的那樣,道路總是曲折的,前途總是光明的。

  But as we have often said, while the road ahead is tortuous, the future is

  bright.

  二、 選詞用字 (Diction)

  在漢譯英時應特別注意選找與原文中在意義上和風味上盡可能都類似的詞語。

  1、每個民族都有它的長處,不然它為什么能存在?為什么能發(fā)展?

  Every nation has its own strong points. If not, how can it survive? How can it progress?

  2、樹雄心,立壯志,向科學技術現(xiàn)代化進軍。

  Foster lofty ideals, set high goals and march forward for the revolution

  of modernization of science and technology.

  3、 我國的社會主義建設,需要一個和平的國際環(huán)境,需要一個國內安定團結,

  天下大治的局面。

  For its socialist construction, China needs an international environment

  of peace and a domestic situation of stability, unity and great order.

  4、論技術,她那時還不如我,但思想?yún)s比我高得多。

  Professionally she was then not yet my equal, but ideologically she was

  head and shoulders above me.

  三、增益 (Ampification)

  漢譯英時的“增益”技巧的運用,有時是為了使英美人理解原文的精確含義,有時是為了遵循英語的行文習慣。

  1、交出翻譯之前,必須讀幾遍,看看有沒有要修改的地方。這樣才能把工作做好。

  Before handing in your translation, you have to read it over and over again

  and see if there anything in it to be corrected or improved. Only then can

  you do your work well.

  (英語行文時人稱代詞,物主代詞用得較多)

  2、她挑水,生爐子,洗東西,忙個不停。

  Fetching water, building the fire, washing --- she had her hands full every

  minute. (增益為了意譯)

  3、他們一聽說有新任務,就坐不往了。

  When they learnt that they’d been given a new task, they just couldn’t sit still any longer. (增加not… any longer 表示“不再”.)

  4、會用就了不得,不會用就一文不值.

  It works wonders when you know how to use it, but when you don’t it is not

  worth a single penny. (增加連詞與代詞)

  三、 省略法.(Omission)

  漢語不怕重復,英語中有相同的詞語??墒÷?行文較簡練。漢語中出于行文需要而沒有實意的一些詞語在英譯時也要省略。

  1、我們要培養(yǎng)分析問題,解決問題的能力。

  We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems.

  (只用一個problems)

  2、我已提前完成了任務,他也提前完成了。

  I’ve fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.

  3、中國人民歷來是勇于探索,勇于創(chuàng)造,勇于革命的。

  The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into

  things, to make inventions and to make revolution.

  (只用一個courageous enough )

  4、質子帶陽電,電子帶陰電,而中子既不帶陽電,也不帶陰電。

  A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a

  neutron has neither.

  五、轉換 (Conversion)

  漢語中的某些詞類在英譯時常常要根據(jù)英語的句式轉換成英語的另一類詞,更符合英語的慣用法。不僅如此,有時整個句式也要轉換。

  1、一定要少說空話,多做工作。

  There must be less empty talk and more hard work.

  (漢語中的動詞轉換成英語中的名詞)

  2、警察把那個孩子的胳臂抓得更緊了,叫嚷道:“學規(guī)矩點!”

  Tightening his hold on the boy’s arm, the policeman yelled,“Learn some respect!”(句子的前部分轉換成分詞結構)

  3、口試時問了她十個問題,她一一答對了。

  She was asked ten questions in the oral exam and answered every one correctly.

  (主動式轉換為被動式句型)

  4、語言這個東西不是隨便可以學好的,非下苦功不可。

  The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.

  (句式不同但意思完全相同)

  六、詞序調整。(Inversion)

  每種語言都有自己的自然語序,翻譯時要注意入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。特別要注意英譯時強調句式的詞序。

  1、 這個茶會是由倫敦《泰晤士報》的高級記者約翰先生舉行的。

  The tea-party was given by Mr John, senior correspondent of The

  Times, London.(英譯時姓名在前,職務在后)

  2、 我們上星期天在她家盡情地吃了一頓。

  We ate to our hearts’ content at her home last Sunday.

  (漢語的狀語排列:時間―――地點―――方式

  英語的排列是: 方式―――地點―――時間)

  3、我們從來沒有看見過這樣光明的前途。

  Never have we seen so bright a future before us.

  (英語中Never開頭的句子詞序要倒裝)

  4、荷花雖好,也要綠葉扶持。

  With all its beauty the lotus needs the green of its leaves to set it off.

  ( With 的特殊用法,表示讓步,用在句首)

  七、正說反譯,反說正譯。(Negation)

  英漢兩種語言都有自己的約定俗成的正反說法,這在英譯時要時刻注意到。英語中有些詞匯本身就有否定的意思,要善于利用,如 fail, without, beyond, until, unless, instead of 等;

  1、我認為他不對。他昨天沒有露面。

  I don’t think he is correct. he failed to turn up yesterday.

  (正說反譯,反說正譯)

  2、證據(jù)確鑿,毋庸置疑。

  The evidence is conclusive, excluding all possibilities of doubt.(反說正譯)

  3、那件事沒有減弱我們的決心,反倒增強了我們的決心。

  That served to strengthen instead of weaken our determination.

  ( or: That strengthened, rather than weakened, our determination.)

  4、 會議開得冷冷清清,有時甚至開不下去了。

  The meetings were marked by such an absence of lively discussions that

  at times they were almost on the point of breaking up.(正說反譯,反說正譯)

  八、長句拆譯。 (Division)

  翻譯時隨意斷句是不足取的,但為了忠實并通順地轉達原意,仔細分析后,在保持原文風格特點的前提下,適當?shù)財嗑涞癸@得更自然有力。長句拆譯時往往要綜合使用學到的種種技巧。

  1、我們的一般企業(yè)很少注意經濟效果,廣泛存在著勞動無定員,生產無定額,質量無檢查,成本無核算的現(xiàn)象,在人力、物力、財力上造成很多浪費。

  Our enterprises in general pay little attention to economic results, since usually the number of workers needed for a job is not fixed, production quota is not fixed, the quality of products is not checked and cost accounting is not earnestly practised. All this has incurred a big waste of manpower, material resources and money.

  (因為原長句結尾處是表判斷帶有總結性的分句,所以在這里斷句譯較好)

  2、人民的覺悟是不容易的,要去掉人民頭腦中的錯誤思想,需要我們做很多切切實實的工作。

  The political awakening of the people is not easy. It requires much earnest effort on our part to rid their minds of wrong ideas.

  (原句中包含著從一般到細節(jié)的過渡,斷句分譯才使譯文更有條理)

  3、一定要言行一致,理論與實踐密切結合,反對華而不實和任何虛夸,少說空話,多做工作,扎扎實實,埋頭苦干。

  Deed and word must match and theory and practice must be closely integrated.

  We must reject flashiness without substance and every sort of boasting. There must be less empty talk and more hard work. We must be steadfast and dedicated.

  長句拆譯方面對初學者來說有些偏深,故不多舉例了。作為有心人認真探索是大有好處的。

  以上我們探討了如何在漢譯英時把“英譯漢”的翻譯技巧加以利用,以求得英語行文正確與合理.現(xiàn)在我們要從另一個角度來分析漢譯英.也就是從語法上著手,縱橫結合。通過這樣學習,對提高實際運用英語的能力有極其重要的作用。因為漢語的句子我們可以一目十行,怎么樣地道地用英語表達才是我們“翻譯法”的終極目標。

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