2018/6/28 15:02:00
國際翻譯公司和你一起從清朝文物看宮廷消夏秘方
國際翻譯公司和你一起從清朝文物看宮廷消夏秘方
【清宮消夏之"穿"】
Clothing for Qing Dynasty emperors was complicated and can be categorized according to different purposes, such as ritual clothes, auspicious clothes, traveling clothes and rain suits. And according to season, there were winter clothes and summer clothes.
清代皇帝的服裝極為繁復(fù)，根據(jù)穿著用途有禮服、吉服、常服、行服和雨服等之分。根據(jù)季節(jié)則有冬夏之分。
Summer costumes for the royals were mainly made of fabrics like yarn and silk. The materials are permeable, which keep the wearer cool.
皇室成員夏季服裝的面料以紗和絹為主，穿上透氣性好，涼爽宜人。
[皇家衣櫥一年才兩換]
按照清代宮廷制度，季節(jié)變化時(shí)皇帝、后妃和王公百官們會(huì)統(tǒng)一更換服裝。春、秋兩季換裝于每年三月和九月進(jìn)行。通常禮部會(huì)從這兩個(gè)月中的初五、十五、二十五三天內(nèi)擇吉日，并提前一個(gè)月上報(bào)，經(jīng)御批，再由宮中傳發(fā)公文到各衙門，統(tǒng)一按季更服，可使朝中服裝整肅，避免混亂。
【清宮消夏之"住"】
Many features of the architecture in the Forbidden City helped relieve summer heat. The Zhizhai window, or hung and removable window, was a great invention. The upper part can be pulled up for ventilation, while the lower part can be removed to allow more light in.
為了避暑，紫禁城建筑上采取的降溫措施很多，如宮殿的支摘窗就是一種很不錯(cuò)的發(fā)明，它上部可以支起通風(fēng)，下部可以摘下透光。
The royal family could even enjoy an air-conditioned room in ancient times. As the iceboxes often had air holes, it could be used to cool the temperature of the room.
此外，清朝皇室已經(jīng)開始享用"空調(diào)屋"——就是在"冰箱"上鉆孔，讓室溫下降。
[乾隆修花園頤養(yǎng)天年]
乾隆三十七年(1772年)，乾隆皇帝為自己退位后當(dāng)太上皇享用而專修了一個(gè)花園，占地6400平方米，前后五進(jìn)院落檐宇相連，建筑形式多樣，裝修極為考究。它位于紫禁城東北部，現(xiàn)"珍寶館"內(nèi)?；▓@內(nèi)亭臺(tái)殿閣錯(cuò)落有致，山石林木點(diǎn)綴其間，自然質(zhì)樸，清新雅逸。在古華軒下小憩聽風(fēng)，倦怠定會(huì)一掃而光。
【清宮消夏之"用"】
The fan was another necessity for royals on summer days. Fans at the royal court varied widely. Exquisitely made, they were more than a tool for cooling people down; they were extraordinary works of art.
皇家還有一種消暑神器不得不提，那就是扇子。清代宮廷中的扇子，多種多樣，用料上乘講究，除了帶給人們清風(fēng)徐來的實(shí)際功用，儼然已是藝術(shù)品。
[雍正親下旨指導(dǎo)做風(fēng)扇]
雍正皇帝是個(gè)工作狂，同時(shí)還一心向佛生活儉樸，但也許是雍正比較怕熱，他在制作風(fēng)扇這個(gè)問題上一再和內(nèi)務(wù)府交換意見，對(duì)它們的形狀、質(zhì)地、顏色、配飾以及擺放位置都有具體的要求。"爾等做的風(fēng)扇甚好。朕想人在屋內(nèi)推扇，天氣暑熱，氣味不好。不如將后檐墻拆開，繩子從床下透出墻外轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，做一架?！僮鲆患芊旁谖髋w門北邊，繩子從隔斷門內(nèi)透出。欽此。"
從清朝文物看宮廷消夏秘方
圖為《孝慎成皇后觀蓮圖軸》
Vocabulary
yarn: 紗(n.)
permeable: 可滲透的(adj.)
auspicious: 吉利的(adj.)