2018/9/17 17:48:00
樂文翻譯挖掘嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想的現(xiàn)代價(jià)值
作為中國近代啟蒙思想家、翻譯家，嚴(yán)復(fù)研究一直是史學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)研究領(lǐng)域。近年來，隨著《嚴(yán)復(fù)變譯思想考》等新著的出版，嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想的內(nèi)涵、嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想與其思想體系的關(guān)系等問題，再度引起了學(xué)界的關(guān)注。
As a modern enlightenment thinker and translator in China, Yan Fu research has always been the traditional research field of history. In recent years, with the "Yan Fu thought" and translation book publishing, the connotation of Yan Fus translation thought, Yan Fu translation thought and ideological system relations and other issues, once again attracted academic attention.
首倡“信、達(dá)、雅”三原則
Initiated "Xin da ya" three principles
福建師范大學(xué)教授汪征魯表示，嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想的核心是他在《〈天演論〉譯例言》中提出的“信、達(dá)、雅”三原則。信，即譯文要符合原著內(nèi)容；達(dá)，即在原著母語內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，用第二種語言將文意達(dá)旨、通順地表達(dá)出來；雅，即文字要規(guī)范、優(yōu)雅。這一原則貌似簡單，但要實(shí)踐操作并非易事。汪征魯表示，“信、達(dá)、雅”原則，直到今天仍為大部分翻譯工作者、翻譯理論家所遵循與首肯，這足以印證嚴(yán)復(fù)當(dāng)年的真知灼見。
Fujian Normal University professor Wang Zhenglu said, his translation thought is the core of his "tianyanlun" translation "cases presented in" Xindaya "three principles. The letter, that translation should conform to the original content; as, based on the content in the original language, second languages for the purpose and the meaning expressed smoothly; the words must be standardized, elegant, elegant. This principle seems simple, but it is not easy to practice. Wang Zhenglu said that the principles of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are still followed and approved by most translators and translation theorists today. This is enough to confirm Yan Fus insights in those years.
翻譯思想是嚴(yán)復(fù)整個(gè)思想體系的有機(jī)組成部分。閩江學(xué)院人文與傳播學(xué)院院長薛菁表示，“信、達(dá)、雅”翻譯原則及其翻譯方法，是嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想的靈魂，更是嚴(yán)復(fù)表達(dá)個(gè)人主張的重要手段。從“警世”、“救世”、啟迪民智的目的出發(fā)，嚴(yán)復(fù)借助其特有的翻譯技術(shù)，精選慎擇地將西方國家賴以富強(qiáng)的學(xué)術(shù)名著譯述介紹到中國來。自1898年嚴(yán)復(fù)譯著的赫胥黎《天演論》正式出版發(fā)行，之后的十余年間，嚴(yán)復(fù)致力于翻譯西方資產(chǎn)階級(jí)國家學(xué)者的著作，其范圍涵蓋了政治學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、法學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)等學(xué)科。這些譯著構(gòu)建起了嚴(yán)復(fù)思想體系的基礎(chǔ)?？傮w說來，嚴(yán)復(fù)翻譯思想與其思想體系的構(gòu)建是糅合在一起的。
Translation thought is an integral part of Yan Fus whole ideological system. Xue Jing, Dean of the school of Humanities and communication at Minjiang University）, said that the translation principles and translation methods of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are the soul of Yan Fus translation thought, and also an important means for Yan Fu to express his personal views. From the "warning", "salvation", the purpose of enlightening the people, with its unique Yan Fus translation technology, selection of carefully selected to introduce his academic masterpiece in western countries for prosperity to Chinese to. Since 1898, Yan Fu Huxleys translation of "evolution and ethics" officially published, after ten years, Yan Fu is committed to the translation of western bourgeois scholars, which covers politics, economics, sociology, law, logic and other subjects. These translations built based his thought system. Generally speaking, Yan Fus translation thoughts are blended with the construction of his ideological system.
嚴(yán)復(fù)的許多譯著具有開創(chuàng)性意義，特別是促成了邏輯學(xué)等學(xué)科在中國本土的生根發(fā)芽。江蘇省社會(huì)科學(xué)院研究員皮后鋒表示，嚴(yán)復(fù)認(rèn)為國家間的經(jīng)濟(jì)競爭比軍事競爭更常見、更持久，因而他對經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)給予了異乎尋常的關(guān)注，苦心尋求富國裕民的濟(jì)世方略。針對當(dāng)時(shí)中國重義輕利、重農(nóng)抑商、度量衡混亂等弊端，他翻譯出版了《原富》，以期能夠發(fā)揮作用、匡正謬誤。此外，嚴(yán)復(fù)認(rèn)為，邏輯學(xué)是規(guī)范思想語言的法律與格物窮理的基本方法，是學(xué)術(shù)繁榮發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵所在，因此翻譯了《穆勒名學(xué)》《名學(xué)淺說》等邏輯學(xué)著作，并首創(chuàng)名學(xué)會(huì)，自任會(huì)長，系統(tǒng)宣講名學(xué)，激發(fā)了中國知識(shí)界學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用邏輯學(xué)，從事邏輯研究的熱潮。概而觀之，嚴(yán)譯取材廣泛，切合時(shí)代需求，在翻譯方法上也獨(dú)出心裁，形成了獨(dú)具特色的“嚴(yán)譯名著”，為后世留下寶貴的精神財(cái)富。
Many of Yan Fus groundbreaking translations, especially to logic and other subjects in the local China rooting germination. Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences researcher Pi Houfeng said, Yan Fu believes that the economic competition between countries is more common than military competition, more durable, so he gave the unusual attention to economics, seek the strategy to enrich the state and the people painstakingly. Aiming at the drawbacks of China was light, restraining commerce, weights and measures such as confusion, he translated and published the "wealth", in order to be able to play a role in correcting error. In addition, Yan Fu believes that the logic is the basic method of law and make a thorough inquiry specification language of thought, is the key to academic prosperity and development, so the translation of the name "Muller" "science" of such logic works, and the first name of society, since the president system, preaching name study, inspired China intellectual learning to use in logic, logic research upsurge. Takes the view, translated materials widely, meet the needs of the times, in the translation methods but also create new styles, formed a unique "translated masterpiece", left a valuable spiritual wealth for future generations.
主張中西文化的全面交流與融合
Advocate the overall exchange and integration of Chinese and Western cultures
在新的歷史條件下，研究者應(yīng)該把嚴(yán)復(fù)思想放在中國近代思潮演化的坐標(biāo)上、置于中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型的歷史實(shí)踐中加以考察，并與同時(shí)代的其他思想家進(jìn)行比較，從而準(zhǔn)確認(rèn)識(shí)其歷史地位。
In the new historical conditions, the researchers should have examined the historical practice of Yan Fu thought on the evolution in China coordinates on the Chinese, in the modern thought of traditional social modernization, and compared with other philosophers, so as to accurately understand its historical status.
薛菁表示，嚴(yán)復(fù)思想的精要表現(xiàn)為，以自然科學(xué)為本的思想，以進(jìn)化論為核心的歷史觀，以數(shù)理邏輯為核心的方法論，以“自由為體，民主為用”的核心價(jià)值體系，以“三民論”為核心的救國方略。這些思想主張構(gòu)成了中國傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)的現(xiàn)代化轉(zhuǎn)型思想理論基礎(chǔ)的重要組成部分，而這些思想的社會(huì)實(shí)踐即為后來發(fā)生的五四運(yùn)動(dòng)、新文化運(yùn)動(dòng)等。五四運(yùn)動(dòng)倡導(dǎo)的科學(xué)、民主，與嚴(yán)復(fù)提倡的科學(xué)、民主，是一脈相承、同質(zhì)同源的。直至今日，嚴(yán)復(fù)的這些思想仍深具現(xiàn)代價(jià)值。
Xue Jing said that the essence of Yan Fu thought for the performance, with the natural science oriented thoughts, historical view with the theory of evolution as the core of the method in mathematical logic as the core theory, with "freedom for the body, democracy is the core value system", the "Three Theory" as the core of the national strategy. These ideas constitute an important component of the ideological and theoretical foundation of the modernization of Chinas traditional society, and the social practice of these thoughts is the 54 Movement and new culture movement that happened later. 54, science and democracy advocated by the movement are in line with the science and democracy advocated by Yan Fu and are of the same origin. To this day, Yan Fus ideas are still of modern value.
作為與嚴(yán)復(fù)齊名的啟蒙思想家，梁啟超在中國近代社會(huì)思潮演變中同樣影響巨大，比較二者有助于加深對中國近代思想家以及社會(huì)思潮發(fā)展規(guī)律的認(rèn)識(shí)。汪征魯表示，二人畢生雖都致力于中西文化的融合與發(fā)展，但所走學(xué)術(shù)文化道路有所不同。嚴(yán)復(fù)進(jìn)入西學(xué)的路徑是英文、自然科學(xué)，一開始就主張學(xué)習(xí)西學(xué)的“體、用”；梁啟超進(jìn)入西學(xué)的路徑是中文、今文經(jīng)學(xué)和西方人文學(xué)科，一開始主張的是“中學(xué)為主，西學(xué)為輔”。然而二人殊途同歸，均主張中學(xué)基礎(chǔ)上的中西文化的全面交流與融合。他們的思想變化，分別呈現(xiàn)出了一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)演進(jìn)過程，其對待中西學(xué)術(shù)文化的態(tài)度也存在明顯不同。
As a famous enlightenment thinker and Yan, Liang Qichao in the modern social thoughts Chinese evolution also a huge impact, compared with the two will help to deepen our understanding of Chinese modern thinkers and social thoughts development law. Wang Zhenglu said that although two people devoted all their lives to the integration and development of Chinese and Western cultures, they took different ways of academic culture. The path is English, Yan Fu entered the Western Natural Science, China should learn the beginning of "the body"; Liang Qichao is Chinese path into the western culture, Confucianism and western humanities, to advocate is "school based, supplemented by Western culture". However, the same two people, comprehensive exchanges are advocated on the basis of middle school Chinese and Western culture and fusion. Their ideological changes show a dynamic evolution process, and their attitude towards Chinese and western academic culture is also quite different.
——選自：樂文翻譯
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