2018/9/17 17:54:00
口譯初學(xué)者怎么處理腦記和筆記？
由于通常信息發(fā)布是具有連續(xù)性的，譯員將注意力轉(zhuǎn)移到筆記上時可能會錯過某些信息點(diǎn)，所以譯員在接收信息時要做一些平衡，即在不重要的信息點(diǎn)上將注意力移開。因此，譯員必須具備分辨信息重要與否的能力，這對口譯效果的好壞起著非常重要作用。
Because information dissemination is the continuity of the interpreter, to pay attention to the may miss some information on the note, so the interpreter to receive information to do some balance in away important information points on attention. Therefore, an interpreter must have the ability to tell whether information is important or not, which plays a very important role in interpreting.
研究資深譯員的筆記，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)，一大段信息最終反映在他們的筆記上可能只是寥寥數(shù)筆。應(yīng)該說“大多數(shù)優(yōu)秀的譯員在保證有足夠提示的前提下似乎是記的越少越好而不是越多越好。”在口譯記憶中，腦記占70%，筆記占30%，筆記是腦記的補(bǔ)充。所以在信息記憶的過程中始終以腦記為主，筆記為輔，筆記只起到提示的作用。所以典型的筆記以“關(guān)鍵詞”和“路標(biāo)符號”為主，來表明源語的內(nèi)容和思維線路，“記的少的譯員可能省略了許多細(xì)節(jié)，但并沒有將這些‘路標(biāo)’省略，只要這些‘路標(biāo)’存在，記的多一些，少一些并沒有太大的影響。”
Studying the notes of a senior interpreter, we will find that a large piece of information may eventually be reflected in their notes, probably only a few words. It should be said that most good interpreters seem to remember as little as possible, but not as many as possible, while ensuring that there are sufficient hints." In interpreting memory, brain accounts for 70%, notes make up 30%, and notes are brain supplements. Therefore, in the process of information memory, the brain has always been the main note, supplemented by notes, notes only play a cue role. So typical of the notes to "Keywords" and "landmark symbol", to show the contents of the source language and thinking line, "the interpreter record few may omit many details, but did not consider the" roadmap "is omitted, as long as these" signs ", write some more, some less and no effect too much."
首先，初學(xué)者應(yīng)當(dāng)明確筆記的目的。筆記是幫助口譯人員暫時記住要翻譯的內(nèi)容，因此沒有必要面面俱到，把全部講話都記錄下來。如果全力記錄就沒有精力去思考翻譯。因此，初學(xué)者應(yīng)該明確：做筆記只是一種輔助性的工作，只起幫助回憶原話的作用。在做筆記時不應(yīng)毫無選擇地記下聽到的一切，而應(yīng)設(shè)法捕捉句子中的關(guān)鍵詞，一般來說，句子中做主語或賓語的名詞和主要的動詞都很關(guān)鍵。
First of all, beginners should make clear the purpose of note taking. Note is to help interpreters temporarily remember to translate the contents, so there is no need for exhaustive, record all speech. If you keep the full record, there is no energy to think about translation. Therefore, beginners should make it clear that taking notes is just an auxiliary job and only helps to recall the words. In taking notes, you should not jot down everything you hear, but try to capture the key words in the sentence. Generally speaking, the noun and the main verb in the sentence are the key.
其次，初學(xué)者需要掌握正確的記錄格式非常重要，原則是簡單明了，一目了然，筆記沒有硬性的規(guī)定，關(guān)鍵是為方便使用者。筆記的格式一般有以下幾個特點(diǎn)：縱向分頁，橫向分段；階梯式排列以表達(dá)信息的先后和從屬順序；使用條列式記法以表達(dá)并列的信息，或是連續(xù)、對立等語義內(nèi)涵。再者，重視符號和縮略詞。筆記符號可因人而異，但原則是譯員本人對所使用的符號的意義應(yīng)該一目了然。
Secondly, it is very important for beginners to master the correct record format. The principle is simple and clear. At the same time, there is no hard and fast rule for notes. The key is to facilitate users. Note the format generally has the following characteristics: vertical paging, horizontal segment; ladder arrangement to express information successively and subordinate order; use list notation to express parallel information, or continuous, opposite meaning. Also, pay attention to symbols and abbreviations. Note symbols can vary from person to person, but the principle is that the interpreter himself should be aware of the significance of the symbols used.
最后，還應(yīng)明確筆記使用中文英文均可，主要看哪一種語言更方便。無論是英語還是漢語，重要的是理解。筆記是在理解的基礎(chǔ)上記下一些需要提示的細(xì)節(jié)、重點(diǎn)、數(shù)字等
Finally, it should be clear that the notes are in Chinese and English, and which language is more convenient to read. Whether it is English or Chinese, it is important to understand. Notes are written down on the basis of understanding of the details, key points, figures, etc. that need to be prompted
而腦記方面，初學(xué)口譯的人，會遇到難以記下較長篇幅內(nèi)容的困難。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，人的記憶力可以通過訓(xùn)練得到改善。而口譯記憶能力的訓(xùn)練有兩層含義，一是不靠筆記的強(qiáng)記訓(xùn)練，二是靠筆記的筆記訓(xùn)練。在強(qiáng)記訓(xùn)練過程中記憶能力的訓(xùn)練可通過對大量材料的短時記憶（聽--復(fù)述，聽--譯）以及形象記憶、邏輯記憶、連鎖記憶等方法來完成，使初學(xué)者逐步適應(yīng)強(qiáng)記的規(guī)律。同時在記憶訓(xùn)練中，初學(xué)者應(yīng)學(xué)會在理解的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行記憶，也就是說，記住原語所表達(dá)的意思，而不是原語所使用的詞匯?？谧g學(xué)習(xí)中也應(yīng)加強(qiáng)筆記的系統(tǒng)訓(xùn)練，同時還應(yīng)該明確：筆記訓(xùn)練只是強(qiáng)記訓(xùn)練的一個補(bǔ)充，不要過于依賴筆記而影響到信息的攝入，忽視了提高自身語言能力。
In terms of brain memory, people who start interpreting can find it difficult to write down longer content. Experiments show that peoples memory can be improved through training. The memory ability training has two meanings, one is not by rote training notes, two notes on training notes. In the study and memory ability training in the process of training through a large number of materials on the short term memory (listening -- retelling, listening - translation) and image memory, logical memory, memory and other methods to complete the chain, so that beginners gradually adapt to the rules. At the same time, in memory training, the beginner should learn to memorize on the basis of understanding, that is to say, remember the meaning expressed by the source language rather than the vocabulary used by the source language. Interpreting learning should also strengthen the system of training notes, it should also be clear: the note taking training is only a supplement to memorize the training, dont depend too much on the notes and affect the information intake, neglect to improve their language skills.
口譯當(dāng)中筆記和腦記的平衡永遠(yuǎn)只能是因人而異，應(yīng)時而宜，不必過細(xì)的探究它們誰更加重要。如果能夠在口譯學(xué)習(xí)階段中不斷的提升自己的聽辨能力、口頭表達(dá)能力、拓寬知識面、照科學(xué)規(guī)律掌握雙語，強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練，就能在實(shí)踐中不斷進(jìn)步，找到屬于自己的平衡點(diǎn)。
Oral interpretation notes and mind balance will always be timely appropriate, It differs from man to man., do not have to carefully explore them all and who is more important. If we can in the interpreting learning stage and constantly enhance their listening ability, oral expression ability, broaden their knowledge, according to the laws of science bilingual, intensive training, can progress constantly in practice, find the balance of their own.
——選自：樂文翻譯
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